Hong Kong recently reported its first human case of the B virus, also known as the human simian virus, sparking concerns about its transmission and lethality. The patient, a 37-year-old man, is currently in critical condition in a hospital after being attacked by a monkey. While the virus is rare in humans, understanding its nature and how it spreads is crucial for prevention and treatment.
1. Understanding B Virus and its Fatality
The B virus primarily spreads from macaque monkeys to humans. Although macaques often exhibit no symptoms or mild ones, the virus can be lethal in other primates like chimpanzees and capuchin monkeys. Human infections are infrequent but can lead to severe consequences, with a mortality rate as high as 70 to 80 percent without prompt treatment.
2. Transmission from Macaques to Humans
The virus is present in the saliva, urine, and stool of infected macaque monkeys. Humans can contract the virus through bites or scratches from infected monkeys. Notably, infected macaques typically do not spread the virus unless they have weak immunity, are stressed, or have skin blisters. Individuals at higher risk include laboratory workers, veterinary surgeons, or those exposed to monkey specimens.
3. Symptoms and Treatment
Symptoms of B virus infection resemble flu-like symptoms initially, progressing to small blisters and potentially severe complications such as brain and spinal cord inflammation. Antiviral drugs are available for prevention and treatment, but there is ongoing debate about the duration of treatment. Lifelong suppressive therapy may be necessary for some cases.
4. Immediate Actions if Exposed
In the event of exposure to the B virus, immediate action is crucial. Washing the wound with soap and water within five minutes can help prevent virus entry into cells. Medical attention should be sought promptly, and individuals should adhere to recommended treatment protocols.
5. Prevention Measures
Preventing B virus infection primarily involves avoiding contact with macaque monkeys. Measures include refraining from feeding or touching them and avoiding direct eye contact to prevent provocation. Legal repercussions exist for the illegal feeding of wild animals, emphasizing the importance of responsible behavior. Additionally, laboratory workers should use personal protective equipment to minimize exposure risk.